What are the common signs of HOD in puppies?

Based on the provided sources, there is limited detailed information on the clinical signs of Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (HOD) in everyday practice. However, the sources do note the following specific signs and characteristics:

• Bone Deformities (Bony Cuffs): In advanced cases of HOD, a radiographic (X-ray) sign is periosteal bone formation. This physically presents as a “bony cuff” surrounding the metaphysis (the neck portion of a long bone).

• Pain and Inflammation: HOD is grouped with other osteochondrosis conditions that are known to cause pain and inflammation in the affected puppy.

What Causes It? The sources note that HOD is a Developmental Orthopedic Disease (DOD). Like other DODs, it is primarily triggered by nutritional imbalances—such as incorrect calcium levels or a lack of highly bioavailable micro-minerals—during a large or giant breed puppy’s rapid growth phase.

(Note: If you are looking for other common behavioral or physical symptoms of HOD, such as fever or lethargy, that information is not detailed in the provided sources, and you may want to consult a veterinarian or independently verify that information.)